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\u00b7 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 (1994-2026): \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f
\u00b7 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0643 (1995-2026): \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064d \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061f
\u00b7 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 (2016-2026): \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0643)\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f
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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0640”\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629: “\u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0644\u064e\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064f”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a (Mesianic Peace) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645.
2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Pax Christi)
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\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (1648) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 “\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629” (State Sovereignty) \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 “\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649” (Balance of Power) \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629.
\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.
2. \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645” \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 (1795)
\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 (1724-1804) \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 “\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645” (1795)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
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\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a (1930-2024) \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Peace Studies) \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 (PRIO)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” (Journal of Peace Research) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.
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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a
\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 “\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641”. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641:
1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (Direct Violence):
\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627.
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.
2. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a (Structural Violence):
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647.
\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.
3. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (Cultural Violence):
\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:
\u00b7 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f\u0647.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u0648”\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646”. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a
\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:
1. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a (Negative Peace):
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627-\u062d\u0631\u0628”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644:
\u00b7 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.
\u00b7 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641: \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.
\u00b7 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0643: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u0629.
2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (Positive Peace):
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621.
\u00b7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f (Good Governance) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.
\u00b7 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)
\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Institute for Economics and Peace) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 “\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a” (Global Peace Index) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 163 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.
\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0647\u064a:
1. \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Well-functioning Government): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.
2. \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Sound Business Environment): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.
3. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (Equitable Distribution of Resources): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
4. \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Acceptance of the Rights of Others): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
5. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Good Relations with Neighbours): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c.
6. \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Free Flow of Information): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631.
7. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (High Levels of Human Capital): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629.
8. \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (Low Levels of Corruption): \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646)
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a
1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629:
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a” (Democratic Peace Theory)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.
2. \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631:
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Institutional Constraints): \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Shared Democratic Norms): \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (Economic Interdependence): \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a” (Commercial Peace Theory).
3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629:
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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629
1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629:
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Realism) \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 “\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a” (Anarchic) \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
2. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649:
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628” \u0623\u0648 “\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649” \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 (1815) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914.
3. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 (Hegemonic Stability Theory):
\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062d\u062f (Hegemon) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (Pax Britannica): \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (Pax Americana): \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648) \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.
4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629.
\u00b7 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.
\u00b7 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629): \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629
1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629:
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Constructivism) \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631”. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.
2. \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062a: “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627”
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062a: “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627” (Anarchy is what states make of it). \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629” \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062a:
\u00b7 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Hobbesian): \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0643\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Lockean): \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.
\u00b7 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Kantian): \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.
3. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:
\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0646 “\u0639\u062f\u0648” \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633” \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643” \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629.
4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.
\u00b7 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649
\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629:
1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.
2. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Post-colonialism): \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.
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\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 (Early Warning System) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.
\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (Conflict Analysis) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c “\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639” (Conflict Tree)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 (Root Causes): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 (Core Problems): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0635\u0627\u0646 (Triggers): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0631\u062c.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 (Mediation) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631:
1. \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Level):
\u00b7 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Track 1 Diplomacy): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a.
\u00b7 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Track 2 Diplomacy): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.
\u00b7 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (Track 3 Diplomacy): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.
2. \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627:
1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b.
2. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.
3. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629” (Window of Opportunity) \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.
4. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.
5. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629.
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a (2012-2016) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629” (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 (1964-2016)\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d.
\u00b7 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621: \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.
\u00b7 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.
\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f)
\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Peacekeeping Operations) \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (UNTSO)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a)
\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635:
\u00b7 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.
\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 (Consent) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 (Impartiality) \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 (UNDOF) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f:
\u00b7 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641)
\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635:
\u00b7 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (DDR)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 (UNTAC, 1992-1993)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 (UNOSOM, 1992-1995)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648).
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f:
\u00b7 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636.
\u00b7 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647.
\u00b7 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 “\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 (1994) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 (1995)\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635:
\u00b7 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.
\u00b7 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.
\u00b7 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (UNAMSIL, 1999-2005)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (MINUSMA, 2013-2023)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (MONUSCO).
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f:
\u00b7 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u062f: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f
\u00b7 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\u00b7 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627:
1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 (1994) \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 “\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639” \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
2. \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636.
3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.
4. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641.
5. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c (Exit Strategy): \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u061f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 (Post-Conflict Peacebuilding)
\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c (DDR)
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c (Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration) \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\u00b7 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d (Disarmament): \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d (Demobilization): \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c (Reintegration): \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c:
\u00b7 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.
\u00b7 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a: \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0623\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Transitional Justice)
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:
1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (ICTY): \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646. \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 (ICTR): \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a. \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (ICC): \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.
2. \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629:
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (1995-2002) \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0648. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648” (Truth for Amnesty). \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0623.
\u00b7 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.
\u00b7 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641:
\u00b7 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645.
\u00b7 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
3. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644:
\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0646)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649).
4. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (Security Sector Reform – SSR):
\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d:
\u00b7 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628: \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634.
\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 (Bottom-up)
\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.
\u00b7 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (Advocacy): \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 (\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 1325)
\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1325 (2000) \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 (1820\u060c 1888\u060c 1889\u060c 2122\u060c 2242) \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:
1. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629: \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.
2. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.
3. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629.
4. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a.
\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629):
\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a 182 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1989 \u06482011\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35%. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627:
\u00b7 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (New Wars)
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629”
\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629” (New and Old Wars, 2012) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” (New Wars) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629” (Old Wars) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629:
1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646: \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 (Warlords)\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646.
2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628)\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.
3. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0639).
4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 (\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d).
5. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.
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\u00b7 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642” \u0648”\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644).
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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a”. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a” \u0644\u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631
\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644” (Why Men Rebel, 1970) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a” (Relative Deprivation) \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a.
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627.
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646)
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f (Threat Multiplier)
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0640”\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f” (Threat Multiplier). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f) \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631” (instability accelerator).
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f
\u00b7 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.
\u00b7 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629.
\u00b7 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.
\u00b7 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627
\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645:
\u00b7 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628 (\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 (\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.
\u00b7 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628).
\u00b7 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.
\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e
“\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e” (Climate Refugees) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a).
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631: \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644).
\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f
\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 “\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e” \u0648”\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f” \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628:
1. \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632.
2. \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.
3. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.
4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637).
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Multi-track Diplomacy)
\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646:
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Top-down): \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (Bottom-up): \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Middle-range): \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642.
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a
\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u064e \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629:
\u00b7 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\u00b7 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639.
\u00b7 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.
\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (Multilevel Governance) \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629.
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629
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\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.
\u00b7 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629).
\u00b7 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 (\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 “\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f”
\u00b7 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.
\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a
\u00b7 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629).
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629
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\u00b7 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.
—
\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639
\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\u00b7 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. (2004). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649. (2017). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 1325. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632. (2014). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646. (2015). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631. (2010). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.
\u00b7 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645. (2015). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629.
\u00b7 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. (2022). \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627).
\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\u00b7 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644. (2016). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.
\u00b7 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644. (2017). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a.
\u00b7 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. (2018). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629
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\u00b7 Zartman, I. W. (2005). Cowardly Lions: Missed Opportunities to Prevent Deadly Conflict and State Collapse. Lynne Rienner Publishers.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"