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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a: &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u064a)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221; (\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0634\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br \/>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641.<br \/>3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a.<br \/>4. \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<br \/><br \/>1.4 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 (1956-2019)<br \/><br \/>\u0623. \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 (1956-1958\u060c 1964-1969): \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1956-1958): \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a 3 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a (1956) \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0635\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645&#8221;.<br \/><br \/>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1964-1969): \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 (1966): \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a: \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0648&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0643\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a (1966-1967) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0628. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (1969-1985): \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1969-1971):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1971\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628).<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 (1971-1977):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1977-1985):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 1977.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1983 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062c\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<br \/><br \/>\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (1985-1989): \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646<br \/><br \/>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0626\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 16 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a&#8221; (\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0648&#8221;\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062d) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628.<br \/><br \/>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 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\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645.<br \/><br \/>\u062f. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 (1989-2019): \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 (1989-1999):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a 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\/>\u00b7 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645: \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0643\u0644 4-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629: \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 vs \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 vs \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629).<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Regional-Ethnic Parties)<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a 2002 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a 2000 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627: \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a).<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Modern\/Professional Parties)<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 1986\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 2002\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629: \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 (Broad Seasonal Alliances)<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 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\/>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 (2019): \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631): \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636: \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<br \/><br \/>2.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<br \/><br \/>\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Interest Aggregation and Policy Formulation)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639: \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>2. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 (Elite Recruitment and Training)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<br \/><br \/>3. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Political Mobilization and Participation)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/><br \/>4. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 (National Integration and Consensus Building)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642&#8221;.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<br \/><br \/>5. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Government Formation and State Management)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a:<br \/>\u00b7 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a (\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631).<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0635\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631).<br \/><br \/>6. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 (Oversight and Accountability)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<br \/><br \/>2.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<br \/><br \/>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0634\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642<br \/><br \/>3.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u0623. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1956-1969): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1957: \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0628. \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a (1969-1985\u060c 1989-2019): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645<br \/><br \/>\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a (1969-1985):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 1969: \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a 1971: \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1977): \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 (1989-2019):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1989: \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1998: \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u062d\u0641\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 2006: \u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<br \/><br \/>\u062c. \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (1964-1969\u060c 1985-1989\u060c 2019-2021): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1964-1969: \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1985-1989: \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2019-2021: \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631.<br \/><br \/>3.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>1. \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a.<br \/><br \/>2. \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644:<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628).<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: &#8220;\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221; \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<br \/><br \/>3. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639: \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<br \/><br \/>4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062d\u0641\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f.<br \/><br \/>5. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621) \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<br \/><br \/>3.3 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 2014):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 (5000 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 2011):<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646:<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a.<br \/><br \/>3.4 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a: \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 (Legitimacy and Representation Crisis)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Formation and Identity Crisis)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<br \/><br \/>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 (Performance and Practice Crisis)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d&#8221;.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f).<br \/>\u00b7 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<br \/><br \/>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (State-Society Relationship Crisis)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a).<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<br \/><br \/>4.1 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2023 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br \/><br \/>3. \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a) \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627 : \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 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\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631:<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629).<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641: \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u5167\u90e8\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0630\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<br \/>1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633.<br \/>2. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b 5%).<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<br \/>3. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628:<br \/>\u00b7 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<br \/><br \/>4.3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<br \/><br \/>1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0647.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>2. \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c: \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<br \/><br \/>3. \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/><br \/>4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633.<br \/><br \/>5. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a.<br \/><br \/>4.4 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<br \/><br \/>1. \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644: \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/><br \/>2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<br \/><br \/>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<br \/><br \/>&#8212;<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0643. (2011). \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<br \/>2. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<br \/>3. \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2004). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<br \/>4. \u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646. (1995). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<br \/>5. Gallab, Abdullahi A. (2008). The First Islamist Republic: Development and Disintegration of Islamism in the Sudan. Ashgate Publishing.<br \/>6. Berridge, W. J. (2015). Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The &#8216;Khartoum Springs&#8217; of 1964 and 1985. Bloomsbury Academic.<br \/>7. Johnson, Douglas H. (2003). The Root Causes of Sudan&#8217;s Civil Wars. Indiana University Press.<br \/>8. Woodward, Peter. (1990). Sudan, 1898-1989: The Unstable State. Lynne Rienner Publishers.<br \/>9. Lesch, Ann Mosely. (1998). The Sudan: Contested National Identities. Indiana University Press.<br \/>10. Sidahmed, Abdel Salam. (1996). Politics and Islam in Contemporary Sudan. Routledge.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2018). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645.<br \/>2. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0648\u0643. (2012). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<br \/>3. El-Battahani, Atta. (2006). &#8220;A Complex Web: Politics and Conflict in Sudan&#8221;. In Sudan: No Easy Ways Ahead, edited by Heinrich B\u00f6ll Foundation.<br \/>4. Verhoeven, Harry. (2015). &#8220;The Rise and Fall of Sudan&#8217;s Incumbent Islamists: The Life Cycle of Deregulated Authoritarianism&#8221;. The Journal of North African Studies.<br \/>5. de Waal, Alex. (2004). &#8220;Counter-Insurgency on the Cheap&#8221;. London Review of Books.<br \/>6. Marchal, Roland. (2011). &#8220;The Supreme Court and Political Change in Sudan&#8221;. Journal of Eastern African Studies.<br \/>7. Rolandsen, \u00d8ystein H. (2011). &#8220;A Quick Fix? A Retrospective Analysis of the Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement&#8221;. Review of African Political Economy.<br \/>8. Willis, Justin. (2010). &#8220;Political Identity in Sudan: The Spatial Dimension&#8221;. Journal of Historical Sociology.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631:<br \/><br \/>1. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; (Sudan Open Archive).<br \/>2. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<br \/>3. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 (1942-1953).<br \/>4. \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1957\u060c 1998\u060c 2006\u060c 2019).<br \/>5. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631&#8221; (2019-2023).<br \/>6. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>7. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>8. \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646&#8221; (2020).<br \/>9. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<br \/>10. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; (1965\u060c 1968).<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645).<br \/>2. \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.<br \/>3. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631.<br \/>4. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<br \/><br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629:<br \/><br \/>1. \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>2. \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645&#8221;.<br \/>3. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a&#8221; \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>4. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 &#8220;\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/>5. \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633&#8221; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<br \/><br \/>(\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631)<br \/>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0645\u0639<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0673\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0673\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Email: oaahd11@gmail.com<br \/>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628:+33753936781<br \/>https:\/\/Oaahd.com<br \/>https:\/\/oaahd.org\/en<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2025 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16677"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16681,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16677\/revisions\/16681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oaahd.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}